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电捕(bu)焦(jiao)油器(electric detarring precipitator)是指利用(yong)高(gao)压直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)场的作用(yong)分离(li)焦油(you)雾滴和煤(mei)气的焦炉煤(mei)气初冷(leng)设备(bei)。电(dian)(dian)捕(bu)焦油(you)器(qi)(qi)可设于(yu)焦炉煤(mei)气鼓风(feng)机(ji)之(zhi)前或后。蜂窝(wo)式电(dian)(dian)捕(bu)焦油(you)器(qi)(qi)（沥(li)青(qing)搅拌(ban)站(zhan)专(zhuan)用(yong)型）与机(ji)械除焦油(you)器(qi)(qi)相比，具有捕(bu)焦油(you)效率高(gao)、阻力损失小、气体(ti)处理量大等特点 。不(bu)仅可以保证后续工(gong)序对气体(ti)质量的要求，提高(gao)产品回(hui)收率，而且(qie)可以明显改善操作环境。蜂窝(wo)式电(dian)(dian)捕(bu)焦油(you)器(qi)(qi)专(zhuan)门设计用(yong)于(yu)沥(li)青(qing)拌(ban)和站(zhan)，对沥(li)青(qing)废(fei)气的收集和处理有良好(hao)的效果。

蜂窝式电捕焦油器工作原理

其(qi)工作原(yuan)理，即在(zai)金属导线与金属管壁〔或极板〕间(jian)施加高(gao)压(ya)直流电，以维持足(zu)以使气(qi)体产生电离(li)的(de)电场，使阴阳极之间(jian)形成电晕区(qu) 。

按电(dian)场(chang)理论， 正离子吸(xi)附于带负电(dian)的电(dian)晕极(ji)，负离子吸(xi)附于带正电(dian)的沉淀(dian)极(ji);所有被电(dian)(dian)(dian)离的(de)(de)正负离子均(jun)充(chong)满电(dian)(dian)(dian)晕极(ji)与(yu)沉淀(dian)(dian)极(ji)之间(jian)的(de)(de)整个空(kong)间(jian)。当含焦油雾滴等杂(za)(za)质(zhi)的(de)(de)煤气通(tong)过该电(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)时(shi)，吸(xi)附(fu)了负离子和电(dian)(dian)(dian)子的(de)(de)杂(za)(za)质(zhi)在电(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)库伦力的(de)(de)作用下，移(yi)动到(dao)沉淀(dian)(dian)极(ji)后释放出所带电(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，并吸(xi)附(fu)于沉淀(dian)(dian)极(ji)上(shang)，从(cong)而达到(dao)净化气体的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)，通(tong)常称为荷(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)现象(xiang)。当吸(xi)附(fu)于沉淀(dian)(dian)极(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)杂(za)(za)质(zhi)量增加到(dao)大于其附(fu)着力时(shi)，会(hui)自动向下流趟，从(cong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)捕(bu)焦油器底部(bu)排出，净气体则(ze)从(cong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)捕(bu)焦油器上(shang)部(bu)离开并进入下道(dao)工序 。

气体的放电(dian)过(guo)程 : 在(zai)通常(chang)情况下(xia)(xia)气(qi)(qi)体(ti)是(shi)不导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，但(dan)在(zai)高压电(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)的(de)作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)气(qi)(qi)体(ti)内部的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子便(bian)会获得足够(gou)的(de)能量成(cheng)为(wei)自由电(dian)(dian)(dian)子而(er)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)，被称为(wei)自发性电(dian)(dian)(dian)离现象。气(qi)(qi)体(ti)的(de)自发性电(dian)(dian)(dian)离是(shi)建立在(zai)非(fei)均(jun)(jun)匀(yun)性电(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)中。在(zai)均(jun)(jun)匀(yun)性电(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)中，随着电(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)增加(jia)，只要其间任何(he)一点发生电(dian)(dian)(dian)离，两极间将立即充满带电(dian)(dian)(dian)离子，整个(ge)空间的(de)气(qi)(qi)体(ti)被击穿。此时电(dian)(dian)(dian)流急剧增加(jia)而(er)形成(cheng)火花(hua)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)。而(er)在(zai)非(fei)均(jun)(jun)匀(yun)性电(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)中，电(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)强度(du)则随两极间的(de)距(ju)离增大而(er)迅(xun)速下(xia)(xia)降。

蜂(feng)窝式(shi)电(dian)捕焦油器结构说明(ming)

蜂窝(wo)式(shi)电(dian)捕(bu)焦油器由壳体、沉淀极、电(dian)晕(yun)极、上下吊架、气体再分布板(ban)、蒸汽吹洗(xi)管(guan)、绝缘箱和馈(kui)电(dian)箱等(deng)部件组(zu)成。蜂窝(wo)式(shi)与管(guan)式(shi)的结构相(xiang)同，是将(jiang)通道截面由圆形改为正六(liu)(liu)(liu)边形。两个相(xiang)邻正六(liu)(liu)(liu)边形共(gong)用一条边，即靠中(zhong)间的正六(liu)(liu)(liu)边形的六(liu)(liu)(liu)条边均(jun)被包(bao)围它的六(liu)(liu)(liu)个正六(liu)(liu)(liu)边形所共(gong)用。用2~3mm的钢板制成的蜂窝(wo)板即可满足工艺和机械强度的要求(qiu)。由(you)于蜂窝(wo)式电捕焦油器具(ju)有结(jie)构(gou)紧凑(cou)合理、没有电场空(kong)穴、有效(xiao)空(kong)间利用率高、重量轻、耗钢材少和捕集特性(xing)好等优点,但存在制造难(nan)度大.在运输安装过(guo)程中易产生误差等缺点。随着设备制(zhi)造工(gong)艺水平的(de)提高，蜂(feng)窝式电捕焦(jiao)油(you)器的(de)优点会(hui)越来越受(shou)到人(ren)们的(de)重视，必将逐步(bu)取代同心圆(yuan)式和管式电捕焦(jiao)油(you)器。

电捕(bu)焦油器是(shi)煤(mei)气净化的主要(yao)设备,它(ta)的作用是将(jiang)经(jing)过洗涤、冷却后的煤(mei)气(qi)除(chu)去焦油、粉尘后送至(zhi)下道工序。